Situational Awareness



• Time of day
• Location
• Number of people present
• Behavior indicators
• Visible weapons

Environmental Considerations



• Tight spaces
• Noise levels
• Escape routes
• Proximity to backup
• Traffic patterns

Risk Mitigation

• Maintain safe distance
• Position advantageously
• Keep hands visible
• Use proper lighting

Pre-Contact Preparation

• Radio your position
• Observe before approaching
• Note vehicle details
• Ensure equipment accessible

Verbal Techniques

• Use calm, low tone
• Avoid accusatory language
• Ask open-ended questions
• Acknowledge their feelings

Non-Verbal

• Relaxed body posture
• Keep hands visible and open
• Appropriate eye contact
• Give personal space

Active Listening



• Let them speak without interrupting
• Paraphrase to show understanding
• Use their name if known

Offering Options

• Give choices when possible
• This gives them sense of control and makes compliance easier